Geothermal energy
Usually when talking about geothermal energy a distinction is made between shallow geothermal energy and deep geothermal energy.
Essentially the role of heat exchangers is to transfer the heat of a flowing material to another flowing material with a lower starting temperature. The materials can be gaseous or liquid. The temperature difference between the two media as the driving differential is essential for heat transfer.
Measuring the transfer characteristics of five different heat exchanger models, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with a heat exchanger (WL 110.01 to WL 110.05)
- plotting temperature curves
- determining the mean heat transfer coefficient
- comparing different heat exchanger types
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Transparent heat exchanger with additional temperature measuring point after half of the transfer section; parallel flow and counterflow operation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with WL 110 supply unit
- function and behaviour during operation of a tubular heat exchanger
- plotting temperature curves:
in parallel flow operation
in counterflow operation
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Typical plate heat exchanger in parallel flow and counterflow operation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with WL 110 supply unit
- function and behaviour during operation of a plate heat exchanger
- plotting temperature curves:
in parallel flow operation
in counterflow operation
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Transparent shell and tube heat exchanger in cross parallel flow and cross counterflow operation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with WL 110 supply unit
- function and behaviour during operation of shell and tube heat exchanger
- plotting temperature curves:
in cross parallel flow operation
in cross counterflow operation
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Heat transfer between water and air; cross-flow operation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with WL 110 supply unit
- function and behaviour of a finned tube heat exchanger
- determine the mean heat transfer coefficient
- influence of heat capacity
- compare with other heat exchanger types
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Comparison of plate heat exchanger, tubular heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger, finned cross-flow heat exchanger, and stirred tank with double jacket and coiled tube
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with heat transfer processes
- heat transfer
- heat conduction
- determination of the heat transfer coefficient
- creation of temperature curves for the different heat exchangers
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Shallow geothermal energy is based on the same fundamental principle as solar thermal energy. However, in this case it is the ground which is acting as a heat source, not the sun. There is an underground pipe system in which a liquid heat transfer medium circulates.
Cooling and heating of the heat exchangers directly tangible
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of a compression refrigeration circuit
- key components of a refrigeration system
- compressor, evaporator, condenser, expansion element
- relationship between the pressure and boiling point of a liquid
- operation of a refrigeration system / heat pump
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Transparent components allow observing how the state of the heat transfer medium changes
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of geothermal energy
- operating behaviour of a geothermal probe with heat pipe principle
- determination of the amount of heat that can be dissipated in the heat pipe with variation of the thermal load
- variation of the filling level of the heat transfer medium contained
- examination of the radial temperature profile in a sand sample and determination of the thermal conductivity
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Use of geothermal energy in an open system without thermal repercussion
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of geothermal use
- operating behaviour of a two-well system
- hydraulic and thermal properties of the ground
- determination of the usable heat capacity
- fundamentals and energy balance of a heat pump
Heat pump for operation with different sources, operating the heating controller via touch screen or web browser
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with heat pump applications for heating rooms and hot water
- using the heat pump for cooling
- advantages and disadvantages of various system configurations (brine heat pump, air heat pump)
- configuration and adjustment of a heating controller for heat pump control
- operating behaviour under varying heat supply and demand
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Can be used as heat sink or heat source
Learning objectives/experiments
- energy balance in combined heating systems for domestic hot water generation and heating
- heat transfer in an underfloor heating system
- use of heat sources for heat pump systems
- learning objectives of the HL 320 modular system
Can be used as heat sink or heat source
Learning objectives/experiments
- use of a fan convector for heating and cooling rooms
- how the temperature difference between the heating feed and return affects the overall efficiency of a heating system
- operating conditions when used as an air heat exchanger in a heat pump system
- comparison of an air heat exchanger with other heat sources in a heat pump system
There are different ways of distinguishing between the various geothermal fields attributed to deep geothermal energy. Criteria for the different deposits include the necessary drilling depth, the origin of the geothermal energy, the type of usage or the temperature level.
Laboratory scale gas-fired steam generator for wet or superheated steam; integrated condenser
Learning objectives/experiments
- specific characteristic values of a steam boiler
- efficiency of a steam generator
- analysis of the exhaust gases
- influence of different burner settings
- saturation temperature and pressure of the steam
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Single-stage steam turbine with power output measurement; steam supply via ET 850, gas-fired or ET 852, electrical
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a steam turbine:
- steam consumption of the turbine
- turbine output at different settings
- investigation of the losses occurring in different turbine components
- power and torque curve
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