Positive displacement machines
Transfer of energy between the fluid and the machine by means of a variable volume, generated by a displacement device.
Fluid machinery
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Internal combustion engines
CT 159 - CT 400 Test stands for internal combustion engines
Air-cooled overhead valve four-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand + HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 159 test stand and HM 365 load unit
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled two-stroke petrol engine with reverse scavenging
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a two-stroke petrol engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
Air-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine using the swirl chamber principle
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 110 test stand
- familiarisation with a water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
….
Air-cooled four-stroke petrol engine with external carburation
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
Water-cooled four-stroke diesel engine with indirect injection
Learning objectives/experiments
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balance
- determination of the frictional power of the engine (in passive mode)
Water-cooled petrol engine with controlled catalytic converter, max. 75kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
….
Diesel engine with direct injection, max. 41kW
Learning objectives/experiments
- in conjunction with CT 400 load unit
- plotting of torque and power curves
- determination of specific fuel consumption
- determination of volumetric efficiency and lambda (fuel-air ratio)
- energy balances
….
Single-cylinder piston steam engine with gas-fired boiler for steam generation
Learning objectives/experiments
- demonstration of the function of a steam engine
- familiarisation with the components of a steam power plant and how they interact
- recording the vapour pressure curve
- effect of re-evaporation and backfeed of cold water
- determining fuel consumption, the amount of steam generated, the boiler efficiency, and the capacity of the condenser
Single-acting steam engine with condensation for determining mechanical power and efficiency
Learning objectives/experiments
- together with HM 365 and ET 813.01
- determining the amount of steam generated, the mechanical power and the power consumption
- calculating the overall efficiency
- determining the heat dissipated in the condenser
- recording the vapour pressure curve
….
Piston compressors deliver compressible media such as gas or air. Piston compressors are positive displacement machines. The piston (displacement element) forms a space with variable volume together with cylinder and cylinder cover.
Compressors
Capacity measurement at the open compressor with variable speed; refrigeration chamber with adjustable cooling load
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of refrigeration
- design and components of a refrigeration system
- open compressor with drive
- condenser
- evaporator
….
Investigations in an open two-cylinder piston compressor from refrigeration
Learning objectives/experiments
- determine characteristic variables of a piston compressor during experiments
- determination of the volumetric efficiency at different intake pressures, pressure ratios and speeds
- determination of the isothermal compressor capacity
- measurement of the mechanical and electrical power consumption in dependence of the high/low pressure and pressure ratio
- determination of the mechanical efficiency and the overall efficiency
….
Recording the characteristic of an industrial two-stage compressor, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and function of a two-stage compressor
- measurement of relevant pressures and temperatures
- determination of the intake volumetric air flow rate
- compression process on a p-V diagram
- determination of the efficiency
….
Simulated operation of a two-stage compressor plant with intermediate and aftercooling
Learning objectives/experiments
- fundamentals of the multi-stage compression process
- characteristics of a multi-stage compressor
- thermodynamic state variables
- representation of the compression process in the T-s diagram and in the p-V diagram
- condensation in the intercooler and aftercooler
….
Function test on a single-stage piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with a compressed air generation plant
- function test on a single-stage piston compressor
- pressure rise in the compressed air tank over time
- effective power of the drive motor as a function of pressure
Investigations on an air compressor including the determination of the mechanical power consumption
Learning objectives/experiments
- setup and operating behaviour of a compressed air generation system with single-stage piston compressor
- determination of the characteristic curve
- determination of the volumetric efficiency
- determination of the mechanical efficiency
Interchangeable driven machines: three pump types and a compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- different pumps and a compressor
- identifying characteristic data
- recording pump, compressor and system characteristics
- representation of operating points in series and parallel configuration of centrifugal pumps
- comparison of the different delivery properties
In positive displacement pumps the energy is transferred to the fluid hydrostatically. In the hydrostatic transfer of energy a displacement body reduces a working chamber filled with fluid and pumps the fluid into the pipe.
Positive displacement pumps
Record characteristics of a reciprocating positive displacement pump
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a piston pump
- recording of pump characteristics
- pressure curves of delivery pressure and cylinder pressure
- influence of pulsation damping
- p-V diagram
….
Record characteristics of a rotary positive displacement pump
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation of a gear pump
- recording of pump characteristics
- relationship between head and speed
- effect of pressure limitation
- determination of efficiencies
Lobe pumps are used for delivering highly viscous and highly abrasive media
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics, operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
The most simple type of reciprocating piston pump consists of a piston that moves in a cylinder with one inlet and one outlet valve
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
A gear pump is characterised by a steady flow rate
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Vane pumps can be used both for liquid and gaseous media
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.10
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Screw pumps are able to provide continuous delivery of even viscous media without pulsation or turbulence
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump and system characteristics, operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
The pumping medium is transported between the gears and the housing
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump and system characteristics, operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Vane pumps can be used both for liquid and gaseous media
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Operating behaviour of an internal gear pump
Learning objectives/experiments
- in combination with HM 365 and HM 365.20
- recording of pump characteristics, system characteristics and operating point
- power requirement, hydraulic power, pump efficiency
Metering pump with three pump heads
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the basic principle of a multi-head diaphragm pump
- flow rate and mixing ratio depending on
- the stroke
- the stroke rate
- the counter pressure
Generation of negative pressure over time
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarisation with the basic principle of a rotary vane pump
- simulation of leaks
- generation of negative pressure over time
- determination of the flow rate as a function of the counter pressure
Investigate operating behaviour of centrifugal pumps, piston pump and side channel pump, system control via PLC
Learning objectives/experiments
- investigation and comparison of the operating behaviour of various pump types:
- centrifugal pumps
- piston pump (positive displacement pump)
- side-channel pump
- recording a pump characteristic curve
….
Interchangeable driven machines: three pump types and a compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- different pumps and a compressor
- identifying characteristic data
- recording pump, compressor and system characteristics
- representation of operating points in series and parallel configuration of centrifugal pumps
- comparison of the different delivery properties
Understanding design and function of the pump; planning and executing assembly, disassembly and maintenance
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a screw pump and its components
- assembly and disassembly for maintenance and repair purposes
- replacing components (e.g. seals)
- troubleshooting, fault assessment
- planning and assessment of maintenance and repair operations
….
Understanding design and function of the pump; planning and executing assembly, disassembly and maintenance
Learning objectives/experiments
- design and function of a diaphragm pump and its components
- assembly and disassembly for maintenance and repair purposes
- replacing components (e.g. seals or bearings)
- troubleshooting, fault assessment
- planning and assessment of maintenance and repair operations
….
Design and function of a piston pump; planning, assembly and disassembly
Learning objectives/experiments
- function and design of a piston pump
- planning and presentation of the assembly process, supported by augmented reality
- assembly and disassembly, including for maintenance and repair purposes
- read and understand technical drawings in imperial measurements (PDF, DXF and STEP files)
- familiarisation with different file formats and their application, e.g. for 3D printing and CNC machining
….
Design and function of a gear pump; planning, assembly and disassembly
Learning objectives/experiments
- function and design of a gear pump
- planning and presentation of the assembly process, supported by augmented reality
- assembly and disassembly, including for maintenance and repair purposes
- read and understand technical drawings in imperial measurements (PDF, DXF and STEP files)
- familiarisation with different file formats and their application, e.g. for 3D printing and CNC machining
….
Engineering animations such as cutaway models are ideally suited to representing processes and functions. GUNT uses up-to-date original parts for its cutaway models. Movement and switching functions are maintained.
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in pipework installations
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarization with the construction and functionality of all parts
Cutaway model of an industrial component used in pipework installations
Learning objectives/experiments
- familiarization with the construction and functionality of all parts
Manually operated Cutaway model of a piston compressor
Learning objectives/experiments
- principle of operation and design of a piston compressor
